Further Account of the Cause and Severities of the Above Mentioned Persecution

He writes: "In the year 302, in the 19th year of his reign, the Emperor Diocletian began a great and merciless persecution against the Christians, which is called the Tenth Persecution. Of this persecution, Salpitius Severus speaks in this way: 'About fifty years after Valerian, under the reign of Diocletian and Maximian, there arose the most bitter persecution, which for ten consecutive years ravaged God's people. At this time the whole world was stained with the holy blood of the martyrs; for men vied with one another in hurrying to these glorious and famous contests, that is, to martyrdom, for the name of the Lord; and to obtain, through a worthy and honorable death, the honor which belongs to a martyr was then sought with more eagerness than at the present time, through a false ambition, men seek after a bishopric. Never was the world so greatly depopulated as through this persecution, and never were greater triumphs gained by us than when by these ten years of slaughter we could not be conquered.' " Salpit. Sever. Hist. Sacr.

"In this persecution, Diocletian also employed his associate, Maximian Herculeus, a man hard, cruel, faithless, and licentious by nature, who in all things obeyed Diocletian's commands. In this persecution Diocletian raged against those in the East, and Maximian against those in the West."

The same author then mentions different causes for this persecution, one of which he describes in this way: "The Emperor Diocletian, determined to restore the Roman Empire to its ancient flourishing condition, and wanting therefore to re-establish all the customs which seemed to be trampled upon, tried also to prevent and abolish the difference which he found to exist in the matter of worship, seeking first of all to exterminate the Christian religion as one which cursed and rejected all idolatry. There were very many philosophers and sophists who urged the Emperor to this, and confirmed him in his purpose. By violent and satiric writings they incited the Emperor and all the princes and judges, ridiculed the Christian religion, and charged it with being an innovation, a falsehood, and a wicked superstition. On the other hand, they praised the heathen religion as the most ancient, together with the worship of the gods, who, as they said, ruled the world by their power and majesty.

"Among these instigators, besides Apollinius, were Porphyry, a philosopher, who from a Jew had become a Christian, and from a Christian an apostate; and Hierocles, a man of great popularity. Against Porphyry wrote Methodius, bishop of Tyre, Eusebius, and Apollinaris; and against Hierocles wrote this same Eusebius. Lactantius wrote against both, and all others of the same stamp.

Concerning the torments, he writes among other things the following: "It would take too long to write out all the different ways in which, at the instigation of the devil, the Christians were put to death at this particular time. Beating, scourging, and tearing the skin with all kinds of sharp instruments were only preparations for worse torments that brought on death. Over some, molten lead was poured; some were roasted before glowing coals, with long-continued torments (as we have shown in another place); others had the fingers of both hands pierced with sharp awls and needles, which were inserted between the flesh and the nails; of others we read that after having been beaten on the bare body for a long time with thin rods and plates of lead, they were thrown as food before bears, lions, leopards, and other beasts." A little further on he says

"Some were suffocated with the smoke of a slow fire of damp fuel; others, whose noses, ears, and hands had been cut off, were allowed to roam in misery about the country, as a terror to other, unknown Christians."

As to the places where these cruelties were inflicted upon the defenseless and innocent Christians, the aforementioned author writes

"This persecution extended over the whole world—Asia, Africa, Europe, and all the islands, especially Cecilia, Lesbos, and Sonnus."

Then, after having related the destruction of several cities, he says: "Many other cities had to taste in their whole body the bitter cup of this persecution; especially Thebes and Antino, in Egypt; Nicopolis, in Thracia; Aquileia, in Italy, where all the Christian believers were slain; Florence, Bergamo, Verona, Naples, Beneventum, and Venusia; in Gallia, Marseilles and Treves, where Rictionarus proceeded with such violence and cruelty in this matter that the blood which was shed colored many rivers; in Germany, the city of Augusta, and even Spain, Britannia, Rhetia, and other provinces were not exempt." Joh. Gys. Hist., folio 22, columns 2 to 4, and folio 23, columns 1, 2, from Euseb., book 7. Oros., book 7, chapters 26, 27. Nic., book 7. Idem, book 7, in many chapters. Vinc., in Speculo, book 12. Sabell. Ennead, books 7 and 8. [n242-3]